Combinations of consonant sounds (consonant clusters) can bediffcult to pronounce for some learners. English words can start with avowel, or one, two or three consonant sounds. Compare: am ram cram scram Here are the possible two-consonant clusters at the start of English words:
Here are the possible three-consonant clusters at the start of English words:
Note: Some consonant clusters marked x in A and B are used in a few uncommon words, for example schwa (the name of the sound /∂/) and people's names. In order to be understood clearly you should -
avoidchanging a consonant in a cluster to a different consonant. Forexample: saying 'present' for 'pleasant' or saying 'queue' for 'crew'
avoid leaving out one of the consonant sounds. For example: saying 'poblem' for 'problem' or saying 'foo' for 'few'
avoid adding an extra vowel between consonants. For example: saying 'tewin' for 'twin' or saying 'faree' for 'free'
avoid adding an extra vowel at the beginning of the word. Forexample: saying 'estop' for 'stop' or saying 'escream' for 'scream'
Try building words by adding consonant sounds. Start with a vowelsound, and then add one consonant sound at a time before or after thevowel, in any order, to build new words. (Note: (i) a consonant sound may consist of more than one letter; (ii)don't add any new vowel sounds.) Then say aloud the words you havewritten. For example: /ei/: ache => lake => fake => fakes (2 consonants before the vowel and 2 afer) /ai/: rye => rife => rifle => trife => trifles (2 before and 3 afer) /i:/: sea => seem => scheme => scream => screamed (3 before and 2 after) Now try with other vowels. You might find it helpful to use a dictionary.
Follow up: Arethere any consonant clusters at the beginning of words that you havespecial problems with? Collect a list of words that start with these,record yourself saying them, and listen. Repeat this often.
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