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Unit 1. Bye, Buy.

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Introducing Letters and Sounds


Unit 1; Part A

In writing, words are made of letters. In speech, words are made ofsounds. Letters are not always the same as sounds.
For example, thewords key and car begin with the same sound, but the letters aredifferent. We can see this clearly if we read the two words in phonemicsymbols: /ki:/, /ka:/.

In the examples below, word pairs have the samepronunciation but different spelling:
buy     bye            sun       son
weak   week         weigh    way
too      two           write     right

note.jpgNote: There are some exercises to help you learn the phonemic symbols.

Unit 1; Part B

There are rwo kinds of sounds: consonant sounds (C) and vowel sounds(V).
For example, in duck, there are three sounds,consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC).
The number of sounds in a word is notusually the same as the number of letters. We can see this if we writethe word using phonemic symbols.
For example, duck is /dΛk/.

Unit 1; Part C

Writers often play with the sounds in words. For example, if they are finding a name for a cartoon character, they might:
  • repeat the first sound, for example Donald Duck.
  • repeat the final sound or sounds (this is called rhyme), for example Ronald McDonald.
Listen to these examples of names and expressions with sound-play.Notice that the writer is playing with the sound not the spelling.
Forexample, in Dennis the Menace, the last three sounds of the words arethe same, but the spelling is completely different.
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Mickey Mouse
R
udolf the red-nosed
reindeer
Dennis the Menace
Bugs Bunny
news and views
rock and roll
wine and dine
While the cat's away, the mice will play.  

Unit 1; Part D

There are probably some sounds in English which do not exist in yourlanguage, and others which are similar but not exactly the same. Thiscan make it difficult to hear and make the distinction between twosimilar words in English.
Listen ro these pairs. Are any of them difficult for you?

boat - vote       hit - heat       so - show       sung - sun       wine - vine       wet - wait

 



Exercises


flag.jpgIn this story, there are 12 incorrect words. The correct wordis pronounced the same as the incorrect one, but the spelling isdifferent. Correct them using words from the box. Key Lastweek, I sent my sort Jamie to the shops to buy some food.He got a piece of meat and two pears. On the way home, thebag broke. The food fell onto the road and got dirty. In the end, Jamie threwthe food in the bin.
 
son     some     meat     way     threw     pears     sent     week      buy     piece     road    two
 

 

           week
   Last weak,I cent my sun Jamie to the shops to  
  bye sum food. He got a peace of meet and too
  pairs. On the weigh home, the bag broke. The
  food fell onto the rode and got dirty. In the end,
  Jamie through the food in the bin.


 
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wizard.jpgHow many sounds are there in each word? Write the order of consonant sounds (C) and vowel sounds (V).
Example:

night    CVC  (three sounds: first a consonant, then a vowel and finally another consonant)

1    dog
2    rabbit
3    frog
_______CVC        
_______CVCVC             
_______CCVC 
4    gorilla
5    snake
6    bee
_______CVCVCV 
_______CCVC 
_______CV  

 


wizard.jpgListen to these possible names of cartoon animals. Do they have the same first sounds? (Write A.) Do they rhyme? (Write B.)
Example:
 
Sam the lamb    B   


1     Phil the fox
2     Mary the canary
3     Ida the spider
4     Claire the bear

_______A             
_______B
_______B
_______B  

5    Polly the parrot
6    Deborah the zebra
7    Myrtle the turtle
8    Kitty the cat


_______A
_______B
_______B
_______A  

galka.jpgListen to these sounds. Do you have a similar sound in your language? If you do, write a tick.

1    /∫/    (shoe)                 
2    /з:/  (girl)
3    /æ/  (hat)
4    /z/   (zoo)
5   /d3/  (June)
6   /∂u/  (soap)
7   /θ/    (thing)
8   /l/     (life) 
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