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Unit 18. Sun, Full, June.

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The Vowel Sounds /Λ/, /υ/ and /u:/

Unit 18; Part A

When you say the letters of the alphabet, U has the long vowel sound /u:/ (we say it with the consonant /j/ in front of it). You hear the /u:/ sound in the word June. But the letter U is also pronounced as the short vowel sounds /Λ/ or /υ/, as in the words sun and full.
Listen to the sound /Λ/. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this short vowel sound. 

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Listen to the target sound /Λ/ in the words below and compare it with the words on each side.

         target /Λ/   
shoot    shut    shirt
match  much   March
look      luck    lock


Then listen and repeat the examples of the target sound.
Examples:
  
              come       blood    cut
              young       does    must


"My mother's brother's my uncle; my uncle's son's my cousin."
 

 
idea.jpgImportant for listening!
In the North of England, speakers may use /υ/ in place of /Λ/, so luck /lΛk/sounds like look /lυk/.
 

Unit 18; Part B

Listen to the sound /υ/.
Look at the mouth diagram ro see how to make this short vowel sound. 


18.2.jpg
Listen to the target sound /υ/ in the words below and compare it with the words on each side.

       target /υ/
luck    look    Luke
pool    pull    Paul


Then listen and repeat the examples of the target sound.
Examples:
                full       good        foot
                wolf    would    put


"That cook couldn't cook if he didn't look at о cook book." 

Unit 18; Part C

Listen ro the sound /u:/.
Look at the mouth diagram to see how ro make this long vowel sound. 


18.3.jpg
Listen to the target sound /u:/ in the words below and compare it with the words on each side.

       target /u:/
full      fool    fall
road   rude   rod
but     boot   boat


Then listen and repeat the examples of the target sound.
Examples:

              shoe       shoes     shoot
              new        lose      sou


"Sue knew too few new tunes on the flute."

 
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Important for listening! 
Many words which have /j/ before /u:/ in British English don't in American English. Compare: news  /nju:z/- news  /nu:z/, tune /tju:n/- tune /tu:n/.
 
 

Unit 18; Part D


Notes on spelling:
If there is an R after the letter U (and the R does not have a vowel after it), U has a different pronunciation. (See Unit 19. )

 



Exercises

flag.jpgListen to this student. Do the underlined words have an /Λ/ or /u:/ sound? Write them in the correct part of the table. Key./Λ/ sound: studied; London; summer; months; pub; lunches; much
/u:/ sound school; two; June; food; true; too

I studied English at о school in London last summer. I was there for two months: May and June. England is famous for bad food and weather, but I thought the food was good. The pub lunches were very nice. But it's true about the weather. Too much rain for me!   

    /Λ/     /u:/

   Studied         

 

 

     

    School             

Follow up: Listen again and repeat sentence by sentence.


flag.jpgComplete these sentences with words from the box. The vowel sound is given. Listen, check and repeat.

 
brother    wood    moon    juice    won    month    June   would    full    boot    Cup    put    son    good
 

Example:
Two things you can  put /υ/ on a foot are a shoe and a  boot /u:/.
1    The _______month /Λ/ after _______June/u:/ is July.
2    My mother's other _______son/Λ/ is my _______brother/Λ/.
3    Brazil _______won/Λ/ the World _______Cup/Λ/ in 2002.
4    Fruit _______juice/u:/ is _______good/υ/ for you.
5    There is a _______full/υ/ _______moon/u:/ once a month.
6    You pronounce _______wood/would/υ/ exactly the same as _______would/wood/υ/.
galka.jpgUnderline the word with the different vowel sound. You can use a dictionary if you are not sure. Key.1. book   2. rude   3. does
4. rule   5. group   6. move
7. south

Example:   
foot    look   blood    push   
1    soon    book    boot    room
2    rude    luck    run     but
3    shoes    does   true    blue
4    pull    full    put    rule
5    group   could    would    should
6    done    move    love    son
7    south    young   couple    won
galka.jpgListen and circle the word you hear. Key.1. cat
2. calm
3. gun
4. shows
5. 'pool'
6. luck
7. shut
8. a gun


1    Cut or cat?    There's a cut / cat on the arm of the sofa.
2    Come or calm?    You should try to come / calm down.
3    Gun or gone?    He's taken his dog and gun / gone.
4    Shoes or shows?    I've never seen her shoes / shows on TV.
5    Pool or putt?    It said 'pool' / 'pull' on the door.
6    Luck or look?    It's just her luck / look!
7    Shirt or shut?    The hairdresser's shirt / shut.
8    A gun or again?    He shot a gun / again.

Follow up: Recordyourself saying the sentences in 4, choosing one of the two words. Makea note of which word you say. Then listen to your recording in abouttwo weeks, is it clear which words you said?

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