Изучаем English Unit 8. Jump, Next, Glimpsed.
Consonant Clusters at the End of Words
Unit 8; Part A
There are many more combinations of consonant sounds possible at the end of English words than at the beginning (see Unit 7 ). There can be up to four consonant sounds in a fnal consonant cluster:
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Unit 8; Part B
Some final clusters with three or four consonants can be diffcult topronounce even for native English speakers, so in some words these arecommonly simplifed. For example, the middle consonant of the clusters/kts/, /mps/, /mpt/, /nts/, /ndz/ and /skt/ is hardly heard orsometimes even lefy out (see also Unit 29A):
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Unit 8; Part C
| Leaving final consonants out of consonant clusters at the end of words can cause misunderstanding, and you should avoid this. For example, say: product (not: produc In particular, avoid leaving out /z/ or /s/ in plurals and third person singular verb forms, and /t/ or /d/ in -ed verbs and adjectives: jobs (not: job laughed (not: laugh |
Unit 8; Part D
Don't be tempted to add vowels to consonant clusters in order tomake them easier to say, as this can also cause misunderstanding. You should -
damp (not: damp∂ because it sounds like 'damper') |
Exercises
 How many final consonant sounds - 1, 2, 3 or 4 - do the words in thebox have when they are spoken slowly and carefully? ( Note that thenumber of consonant sounds may be different from the number ofconsonant letters) Write the words in the appropriate row.Key.1 final consonant sound: catch /t∫/; ears /z/; earth /θ/; ledge /dз/ 2 final consonant sounds: axe /ks/; laughed /ft/; touched /t∫t/ 3 final consonant sounds: accents /nts/; against /nst/; aspects /kts/;diamonds /ndz/; grasped /spt/; next /kst/; risked /skt/; stamps /mps/ 4 final consonant sounds: attempts /mpts/; contexts /ksts/; sculpts /lpts/; tempts /mpts/
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| Now check your answers, listen and say the words. | |||||||||
| Listen to some of the words from exercise 1 ( in bold) used inconversation. Some final clusters are simplified. Underline the wordswhich are simplified and show which sound is left out or reduced. Key.1 next (no simplification) 2 accents 3 stamps (no simplifcation) 4 against (no simplifcation) 5 aspects 6 diamonds 7 context (no simplifcation) 8 grasped (no simplifcation) Examples: It was a long jump, but he risked it. He helped us a lot. (no simplifcation) 1 It's my turn next. 2 It's a recording of regional accents. 3 Don't forget to buy some stamps. 4 I've always been against it. 5 The question has a number of aspects. 6 She loved diamonds. 7 It was taken out of context. 8 They grasped it easily. |
| Listen and underline the word you hear. Key.1 paint 2 designers 3 faster 4 trains 5 ridged 6 exports Example: I accept / accepted the award gratefully. 1 I couldn't go on without more paint / pain. 2 The company has some innovative designers / designs. 3 I couldn't go faster / fast in my old car. 4 The factory makes trays / trains. 5 We wore heavy boots with thick, ridged / rigid soles. 6 They're one of Brazil's main exports / exporters. |
| Anna failed her test to become a newsreader for her local Englishlanguage radio station. Look at the transcript of the news item that she read. Then listen to the news being read clearly and correct the words that Anna pronounced wrongly. Key.Thepolice think the roads on the south coast will be packed when theseventh Felton Pop Festival begins next weekend. Last year more than10,000 pop fans packed into the field where the festival was held.There is simple accommodation on a nearby farm, but most people willcamp in small tents.  | |
| Now check your answers in the Key. Then read aloud the (correct) news item. Follow up: What is the maximum number of final consonant sounds that can occur in your first language? |
 | Unit 7 Unit 8 Unit 9 |  |
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