Note: Some clusters found within words can also be found at the beginning of words (dislike - slow), at the end of words (important - lamp), or both (escape - Scotland/ask); but others can't (abstract, invisible).
When a word ending with a consonant or consonants is followed by aword beginning with a consonant or consonants, a new consonant clusteracross words is formed. These can be particularly difficult topronounce when they come within a speech unit without a pause:
// it's an elm tree// // there's a children's playground//
When consonant clusters are divided by a pause, they are often easier to pronounce:
// if Tom can't take you to the film// try Mike// // there'll be three suitcases// two of Joan's// plus my own//
All the consonant clusters within the speech units in thisconversation are underlined. Listen and follow the notes. Some clustersare simplified with sounds left out or changed to make them easier topronounce. (Units 26-31 give detailed information on all these features of fluent speech.)
Words that commonly go together in phrases and compounds (examplesof these are given in Units 16-18) are generally said within speechunits. Consonants at the word boundaries are usually run together in acluster. For example:
Clusters with ...
2 consonant sounds
3 consonant sounds
4 consonant sounds
civil servant cough medicine electric fence full marks language lab
Listen and repeat phrase 1 in column A with a slight pause betweenthe two speech units. Then listen and repeat phrase 1 in column B,making sure you run the words together without a pause. Then do thesame for prases 2-10 (notice that the underlined clusters are the samein columns A and B) . Some underlined consonant clusters in column Bare simplified. Try to make the same simplifications when you repeatthem (see Key for details of simplifications). Key.
A
B
// Jack was in the audience// trying not to laugh// // the ring looked very elegant// sparkling in the sunlight// // here's some milk// drink it now// // I hear you won the contract// great news// // if you're going to the coast// fly there// // if you find any of my old books// throw them away// // it's got two bedrooms// slightly small// // it's very old// Bridget says// // there was a footprint//small like a child's// // it was sad in some parts// humorous in others//
// she's a freelance translator// // the president spoke next// // shewore a silk dress// // it looked green to me// // it's on the firstfloor// // he speaks three languages// // lift your arms slowly// //there was a cold breeze// // what's that unpleasant smell// // it'shuge//
A blood direct general golf lamp first passive rock lost speech time tourist
B club property music poisoning class shade smoking speech strike therapist trap travel
Examples: blood poisoning (/d/ in 'blood' is pronounced like /b/)
Listen, check your answers and repeat the compounds, making the samesimplifications of consonant clusters where these occur (see Key fordetails of simplifications).
Follow up: Findtwo-word compound nouns used in a topic that interests you or in yourarea of study. Which of them have consonant cluster across the twowords? Record yourself saying them, and listen to the recording.
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