Unit 14. Dis'organised and ,Recon'sider.

Unit 14; Part A

Some words are made up of a prefx and a root:

prefix→

dis like

←root

 
Common prefxes include: de-, dis-, il-, re-, un-. Sometimes the root can be used as an independent word (e.g. like), but other roots cannot (e.g. renounce and denounce, but not 'nounce').

Unit 14; Part B

In some words the prefix is unstressed and is only made prominent (see Unit 10) for particular contrast. Compare:     A: Do you enjoy driving?     B: No, I really disLIKE it.     A: I thought you LIKED driving?     B: No, I really DISlike it. Words like this are usually shown as having only one (main) stressed syllable:      dislike /dι'slaιk/ Other words like dislike include: de'grade de'flect de'fraud       di'scolour di'scourage di'sintegrate il'legal il'legible il'literate      re'claim re'fresh re'place      un'easy un'pack un'wise         Other words with these prefixes have secondary stress on the prefix:     ,decom'pose    ,recon'sider    ,unaf'fected (See Unit 15C for stress shift in words like these.)

Unit 14; Part C

In words with de- and re- prefixes, the prefix is usually pronounced /dι-/ and /rι-/ if it is unstressed and /di:-/ and /ri:-/ if it has secondary stress. Compare:        de'grade /di-/    but:  ,decom'pose /di:-/        re'claim /rι-/    but:  ,recon'sider /ri:-/ A few words with de- and re- prefxes are usually pronounced with an unstressed /-ι-/ in the prefix when they are used as a verb and a stressed /-i:-/ in the prefix when they are used as a noun. Compare:      Interest is likely to decrease. (/dι'kri:s/)      but:  There has been a decrease (/'di:kri:s/) in interest.

Unit 14; Part D

Some words beginning re- have the same spelling but a different stress and meaning depending on whether re- means 'again' or not. Compare:         recover recount reform remark resort resign         /,ri:'кΛv∂/ (= cover again) /,ri:'kaυnt/ (= count again) /,ri:'fo:m/ (= form again) /,ri:'ma:k/ ( = mark again) /,ri:'so:t/ ( = sort again) /,ri:'saιn/ (= sign again)           /rι'kΛv∂/ (= get well) /rι'kaυnt/ (= describe) /rι'fo:m/ (= improve) /rι'ma:k/ (=comment) /rι'zot/ (=  turn to) /rι'zaιn/ (= give up a job) Note: When re- means 'again', the words are sometimes spelt with a hyphen, e.g. re-cover, re-count.

Complete the sentences with words from the box in В opposite.Underline the syllable that you think will have the main stress inthese words. Key.1 unwise     2 unpack     3 discourage     4 illegal Example: They're going to  replace  most of the workers with machines. 1    It's _________ to forecast the weather too far ahead. 2    I haven't had time to _________ since I got back from holiday. 3    We have to _________ her from working too hard. 4    Parking on a double yellow line is _________.

Now listen and check your answers. Then say the sentences aloud.

Write the same words from exercise 1 (including the example) in thespaces in these conversations. Again, underline the syllables that youthink will have the main stress in these words. Key.(Speaker A=Spain) 1 replace     2 illegal 3 unpack 4 discourage Example:        A: Would it be a wise investment?       B: No, I think it would be very  unwise .     1    A: Did you say you've misplaced your keys?       B: No, I said I have to __________ them. 2    A: I suppose it's legal to bring alcohol into the country?       B: No, it's completely __________. 3    A: Did it take long to pack your case?       B: Ages, but it won't take long to __________ it. 4    A: Did your teacher encourage you to do the maths course?       B: No, she tried to __________ me from doing it.

Now listen, check your answers and say the В parts aloud.

Write the verbs from the box in the correct column according to the usual pronunciation of the de- or re- prefix. Some are done for you. Key./di:-/ debug deregulate destabilise devalue /dι-/ deflate deform delineate demote descend /ri:-/ reapply recharge reconsider resit restructure /rι-/ reflect refresh relapse replace review   debug    deflate    deform    delineate    demote    deregulate    descend    destabilise    devalue    reapply    reflect    recharge   reconsider    refresh   relapse    replace    resit    restructure    review   /di:-/ /dι-/   /ri:-/  /rι-/  debug     deflate     reapply     reflect

Now listen and check your answers. Then say the words aloud.

Choose words from D opposite to complete the pairs of sentences. Usethe same word in each pair. Think about the pronunciation of the wordsyou have written and say the sentences aloud. Key.(South Africa) 1 a recover /rι'kΛv∂/ ( = get well)    b re-cover /,ri:'kΛv∂/ ( = cover again) 2 a re-sign /,ri:'saιn/ ( = sign again)    b resign /rι'zaιn/ ( = give up a job) 3 a re-count /,ri:'kaunt/ ( = count again)    b recount /rι'kaunt/( = describe) Example:          a The band hasn't played together for years, but they've said they'll  reform  for the charity concert. (/,ri:'fo:m/ = form again)          b The government are going to   reform  health care.  (/rι'fo:m/ = improve) 1       a She'd been seriously ill and it took her a long time to ___________.          b The chair was badly stained, so we had to ___________ it. 2       a He hasn't agreed yet to ___________ for the club for the next baseball season.          b If working conditions don't improve soon, she's threatening to ___________. 3       a When the phone rang, I forgot how many books I'd already put in the box, so I had          b He liked to ___________ his wartime experiences to anyone who'd listen.

Now listen and check.

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