Unit 59. Small, Medium, and Large.

Unit 59; Part A

In prepared speech, when we give a series of three or more similaritems, each item is typically said in a separate speech unit. Veryoften, all the items have a rising tone (or they all have a fall-risingtone) except the last, which has a falling tone. Using the same tonefor each item, except the last, indicates that they are in some wayequivalent. A falling tone on the last item signals the end of theseries:              Many goverments fail to focus on policies which require sustained effort over years or              decades - // to imPROVE eduCAtional standards ↑ eRADicate diSEASE ↑ //              MODernise the TRANSport system ↑// and reDUCE levels of polLUtion ↓//              The only seats left are priced at // TWENty euros ↓↑ THIRty euros ↓↑ // and FIFty euros ↓↑// Note: Inspontaneous conversation there is more variability. For example, aspeech unit may include more than one item, or a series may beincomplete:                         I've got // YEllow Orange or PINK ↓// Which one would you like?               A: She s been away a lot recently - // PARis ↑ // OSLo ↑ // MaDRID ↑ // - the incomplete series suggests that she has been to other places, too

Unit 59; Part B

Words within items in a series are usually non-prominent if they are repeated or don't provide new information:          The meeting includes// NATional politicians ↑// LOcal politicians ↑// and EuroPEan politicians ↓//

Unit 59; Part C

In lists that are often repeated or are part of a routine, each itemis ofen said with a level tone (although a rising tone may also beused), except the last, which has a falling tone:           There are three sizes available, // SMALL →// MEdium →// and LARGE ↓           When I raise my hand like this I want you // to STOP TALKing →// STAND up           STRAIGHT →// CONcentrate on ME →// and get READy to SING ↓

Unit 59; Part D

Less commonly, all items may have a falling tone, particularly if we want to emphasise each item as separate and important:                Please write the following dates down in your notebooks. The first                examination // will be on MONday the SIXTH ↓// the SECond on WEDnesday                the EIGHTH ↓// and the LAST on TUESday the fourTEENTH ↓//

The last item in the series of similar items in each of thesesentences has a falling tone. Listen and decide whether the other itemshave a falling tone (put ↓ in the box), rising tone (↑), fall-rising tone (↓↑), or level tone (→). Key.1  ↓   ↓   ↓ 2  →   →   ↓ 3  ↑   ↑   ↓ 4  ↓↑  ↓↑  ↓ 5  →   →   →   ↓ Example: This year we have opened new stores in London ↑, New York ↑ and Moscow  ↓. 1    Make sure you give three pieces of information on each page - your name ___, your student number ___ and the date  ↓. 2    When I was learning to drive my instructor made me say 'mirror ___, signal ___, manoeuvre  ↓ every time I drove away. 3    Attempts on the mountain have been made this year by Japanese climbers ___, Swiss climbers ___ and Brazilian climbers ↓. 4   You'll remember that Trollope's frst three novels in his BarsetshireChronicles were The Warden ___, Barchester Towers ___ and Doctor Thome  ↓. 5    I want you to paint the squares the colours of the rainbow - red ___, orange ___, yellow ___ and so on  ↓. Now check your answers in the Key. Then say the sentences aloud using the same tones.

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