Unit 7. Present perfect 1 (I have done).

Unit 7; Part A

Study this example situation:
7.1.jpg

Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it.
He has lost his key.

He has lost his key = He lost it recently, and he still doesn't have it.
Have/has lost is the present perfect simple:

I/we/they/you *have* (= *I've* etc.)	finished lost done been etc.
he/she/it *has* (= *he's* etc.)

The present perfect simple is have/has + past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed (finished/decided etc.), but many important verbs are irregular (lost/done/written etc.).

For a list of irregular verbs, see Appendix 1.

Unit 7; Part B

When we say that 'something has happened', this is usually new information:
• Ow! I've cut my finger.
• The road is closed. There's been (there has been) an accident.
• (from the news) Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.

When we use the present perfect, there is a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now:
• 'Where's your key?' 'I don't know. I've lost it.' (= I don't have it now)
• He told me his name, but I've forgotten it. (=I can't remember it now)
• 'Is Sally here?' 'No, she's gone out.' (= she is out now)
• I can't find my bag. Have you seen it? (= Do you know where it is now?)

Unit 7; Part C

You can use the present perfect with just, already and yet.
Just = a short time ago:
• 'Are you hungry?'    'No, I've just had lunch.'
• Hello. Have you just arrived?

We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected:
• 'Don't forget to send the letter.'    'I've already sent it.'
• 'What time is Mark leaving?'    'He's already gone."

Yet = until now. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences:
• Has it stopped raining yet?
• I've written the letter, but I haven't sent it yet.

Unit 7; Part D

Note the difference between gone (to) and been (to):

• Jim is on holiday. He has gone to Italy. (= he is there now or on his way there)
• Jane is back home now. She has been to Italy. (= she has now come back)

Exercises

1 Read the situations and write sentences.

Read the situations and write sentences. Use the following verbs:

arrive break fall go up grow improve ~~lose~~

1    Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it.
2    Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster.
3    Last week the bus fare was 80 pence. Now it is 90.
4    Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is better.
5    Dan didn't have a beard before. Now he has a beard.
6    This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it.
7    The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it is only 12.

He has lost his key.
She
The bus fare
Her English
He
The letter
The

2 Complete B's sentences.

Complete B's sentences. Use the verb in brackets + just/already/yet.

7.2.jpg

3 Read the situations and write sentences.

Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.

1    After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, 'Would you like something to eat?'
      You say: No thank you. I've just had lunch. (have lunch)
2    Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, 'Can I speak to Joe?'
      You say: I'm' afraid _______________. (go out)
3    You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away.
      You say: Wait a minute! _______________. (not / finish)
4   You are going to a restaurant tonight. You phone to reserve a table.Later your friend says, 'Shall I phone to reserve a table."
      You say: No, _______________. (do it)
5    You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her.
      You say: _______________? (find)
6    You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, 'Where are you going for your holiday?'
      You say: _______________. (not /decide)
7    Linda went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, 'Is Linda still at the bank?'
      You say: No, _______________. (come back)

4 Put in been or gone.

Put in been or gone.

1    Jim is on holiday. He's gone to Italy.
2    Hello! I've just ___________ to the shops. I've bought lots of things.
3    Alice isn't here at the moment. She's ___________ to the shop to get a newspaper.
4    Tom has ___________ out. He'll be back in about an hour.
5    'Are you going to the bank?'    'No, I've already ___________ to the bank.'

Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8

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