Unit 28. Must and can't.
Unit 28; Part A
Study this example: | |||
You can use must to say that you believe something is certain: • You've been travelling all day. You must be tired. (Travelling is tiring and you've been travelling all day, so you must be tired.) • 'Jim is a hard worker.' 'Jim? You must be joking. He doesn't do anything.' • Carol must get very bored in her job. She does the same thing every day. • I'm sure Sally gave me her phone number. I must have it somewhere. You can use can't to say that you believe something is not possible: • You've just had lunch. You can't be hungry already. (People are not normally hungry just after eating a meal. You've just eaten, so you can't be hungry.) • They haven't lived here for very long. They can't know many people. Study the structure:
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Unit 28; Part B
For the past we use must have (done) and can't have (done). Study this example: Martin and Lucy are standing at the door of their friends' house. They have rung the doorbell twice, but nobody has answered. Lucy says: They must have gone out. | ||||
• I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep. • 'I've lost one of my gloves.' 'You must have dropped it somewhere.' • Sue hasn't contacted me. She can't have got my message. • Tom walked into a wall. He can't have been looking where he was going. Study the structure:
You can use couldn't have instead of can't have: • Sue couldn't have got my message. • Tom couldn't have been looking where he was going. |
Exercises
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Полный ассортимент первоклассного клинкерного кирпича тут. Клинкер — это старый, традиционный материал, применяющийся столетиями для возведения зданий.